In 1915 the battle at Lone Pine was considered a great victory for Australia. However, the failure of the overall offensive, in particular the tragedy of the charge at The Nek, overshadowed the success of the assault. Following the evacuation from Gallipoli in December 1915, the majority of Australian troops were moved to the Western Front in France and Belgium, where casualty rates vastly outnumbered those of the Gallipoli campaign. The legend of ANZAC, though, was firmly established and the victory of Lone Pine became one of the central stories and a key commemorative focus for Australians.
In 1919, the year after the First World War finished, the original small battle cemetery at Lone Pine was enlarged to accommodate scattered graves from the area, including cemeteries at Brown's Dip behind the original Australian frontline. A memorial was constructed on the site of the fiercest fighting, above The Cup. This memorial commemorated more than 4,900 Australian and New Zealand servicemen who died in the ANZAC area whose graves are not known. Others named on the memorial died at sea and were buried in Gallipoli waters.
